Occasionally the epithet divi filius or divi Iuli(i) filius ("son of the divine Julius") was included, alluding to Julius Caesar's deification in 42 BC. Octavian's early coins and inscriptions all refer to him simply as Gaius Caesar, but by 38 BC he had replaced "Gaius" with the victory title imperator ("commander"). He is mainly known by the anglicization "Octavian" ( / ɒ k ˈ t eɪ v i ə n/ ok- TAY-vee-ən) for the period between 44 and 27 BC. He took the name of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar, but was often distinguished from him as "Octavianus" ( Latin: ), the adjectival form of "Octavius". In response, he merely said he was surprised that "using his old name was thought to be an insult". Later, after he had taken the name of Caesar, his rival Mark Antony referred to him as "Thurinus" in order to belittle him. According to Suetonius, the cognomen Thurinus ( Latin: ) was added to his birth name as a toddler in 60 BC.
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